文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：儿童共情能力及其发展:回顾与前瞻

英文题名：Empathy in Children and Its Development:Retrospect and Prospect

作者：武侠[1,2];包玉玲[2];吕欢欢[2]

机构：[1]绍兴文理学院大脑、心智与教育研究中心,浙江绍兴312000;[2]绍兴文理学院教师教育学院,浙江绍兴312000

年份：2020

期号：6

起止页码：1

中文期刊名：绍兴文理学院学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Shaoxing University

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库

基金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“幼儿阅读理解的具身认知基础及其教育应用研究”(17YJC880111);浙江省教育厅项目“儿童青少年注意发展过程的认知机制”(Y201839592);绍兴文理学院科研启动基金项目“儿童青少年注意控制能力的发展机制”(20186018);

语种：中文

中文关键词：儿童共情;性别差异;社会性发展;加工机制

外文关键词：child empathy;gender difference;social development;processing mechanism;

中文摘要：共情是指个体能够理解和体验他人的内心世界和情感状态,这种能力在儿童的成长和发展中扮演着重要的角色.研究表明,随着年龄的增长,儿童的共情能力明显提高;相比情绪共情能力,3~5岁的学龄前儿童认知共情能力更高,5岁后差异不再显著.共情的性别差异出现在6~12岁期间,7~18岁阶段差异扩大,此时女性具有更高水平的认知共情;共情有自下而上与自上而下两种相互作用的加工机制,在发展中促进儿童亲社会行为的发生并抑制其攻击行为.然而,目前对儿童移情机制的研究相对缺乏;针对特殊儿童群体的研究较少,未来可以在这些领域进行深入研究.

外文摘要：Empathy refers to the ability of individuals to understand and experience the inner world and emotional states of others.This ability plays an important role in the growth and development of children.Research shows that children’s empathy improves significantly with age;compared with emotional empathy,preschoolers aged 3-5 have higher cognitive empathy,and there is little difference in the two after they reach 5 years old.Gender differences in empathy occur between the ages of 6 and 12,and widen between the ages of 7 and 18 when females have higher levels of cognitive empathy;empathy has two interactive processing mechanisms,bottom-up and top-down,which promote the occurrence of children’s pro-social behaviors and inhibit their aggressive behaviors in development.However,there is a lack of research on children’s empathy mechanism and little research regarding special groups of children.They can be the targets of further deep research in the future.