文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：自闭症共情-系统化理论述评

英文题名：The Pendulum Tilted to the "Truth": Empathizing-Systemizing Theory in Autism

作者：齐星亮[1];陈巍[2,3]

机构：[1]东南大学学习科学研究中心;[2]绍兴文理学院心理学系;[3]浙江大学语言与认知研究中心

年份：2013

卷号：36

期号：5

起止页码：1261

中文期刊名：心理科学

外文期刊名：Journal of Psychological Science

收录：CSSCI2012_2013、CSTPCD、、北大核心2011、国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库、北大核心、社科基金资助期刊、CSSCI、CSCD、CSCD2013_2014

基金：2011年度国家自然科学基金项目(81171853);2012年度绍兴文理学院重点科研项目(2012SK1004)的资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：自闭症;共情;系统化;“原理”

外文关键词：autism, empathizing, systemizing, ＂truth＂

中文摘要：共情-系统化(Empathizing–Systemizing,E-S)理论是自闭症研究领域中的新兴理论,是对"心盲"理论的扩展。该理论认为自闭症个体的共情缺损,系统化无损甚至超常,并用这两个心理机制全面地解释了自闭症的社交障碍和沟通障碍两种社会性特征以及兴趣狭窄、行为刻板和能力孤岛三种非社会性特征。文章概述了共情-系统化理论的形成过程、证据以及该理论与其它重要理论的关系,并就共情的认知成分和情感成分的关系、共情和系统化的关系以及共情和系统化的生理基础等问题进行了反思与展望。

外文摘要：Empathizing - Systemizing （ E - S） theory in Autism is a newly emerging theory in the field of autism research. It is an extension of mind - blindness theory. Baron - Cohen added the defect of emotional component of empathy and the intact or even superior skill in systemizing to the mind - blindness theory so that it can describe both social and non - social feature of autism. The theory de- fined empathizing as both the drive and the ability to identify another person＇s mental state and to respond with appropriate emotions, and defined systemizing as the drive to analyze or construct systems. The two - factor theory proposed that people with autism had below average empathy, but average or even above average systemizing. This could explain the social features （the social and communication difficulties） with below average empathy, as well as the nonsocial features （the narrow interests, rigid behavior and island of abilities） in autism conditions with average or even above average systemizing. The theory used the notion ＂ truth＂ to integrate empathizing and systemizing into one dimension. Empathizing was put on the low - end of the dimension and the systemizing high - end of the dimen- sion. That is, the theory states that there is a trade - off between empathizing and systemizing. This paper reviewed the major concepts of the E - S theory and the relationship between them, and then compared the E - S theory with other major theories, such as the executive dysfunction （ED） theory and the weak central coherence （WCC） theory. On non -so- cial feature description, the ED theory considered people with autism as perseveration that makes the individual fail to shift attention. From the WCC theory, people with autism were forever lost in the details and had never reached an understanding of the system as a whole, but the E - S theory considered the slow behaviour as being highly purposeful： it exists in order to understand a system. The E - S theory has several strengths, the most important of which is the two - factor theory that could explain both the social and nonsocial features of the condition. In addition, this theory could help to characterize the unique profile of autism spectrum conditions, especially their intact or even superior systemizing drive. The article also discussed some problems about the E - S theory. First, the empathizing was considered to be comprised of cognitive component and affective component, but the systemizing only has a cognitive component. So systemizing may only be associated with the cognitive component of the empathizing, and affective empathy deficits may be a comorbidity in autism. Second, studies had shown that when empathizing, women are affected emotionally more than men. Another study found that empathizing and systemizing traits were independent in women, but largely dependent in men. These results suggested that men were more in line with the model of cognitive component of empathizing and systemizing opposing to each other, and women＇ af- fective empathy would participate in the function of the model. If the sex differences exist in the mechanism of E - S, the pathogenesis of autism would have gender difference. Finally, the paper pointed out that the E - S theory lacksin evidences on the physical level, and that the physiological mechanism needs to be explored.